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Perspective
In Pakistan, there is a huge issue about students getting the chance to become doctors or engineers rather than following their passion or thinking about other alternatives as a career option. When they try a few times and do not succeed due to an imbalance in supply and demand, they suffer from depression and sometimes cases of suicides have been reported as well. In this theme, I have explored this issue from the perspective of an opportunity 'to build and deepen the relationship between parents and children' as well as managing expectations. I am working with Built on this project. He understands and was able to connect with the highlighted issue since he watched 3 Idiots, an Indian movie back in the summer program in 2017. The movie elaborates on this issue in a fun and simple yet effective way. This is an 8-week long project and we used HCD comprising of three major stages: inspiration, ideation, and implementation.
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Inspiration
During the Ideation stage, we used different tools such as design challenge, problem tree and target group to get some foundation about our topic. Later, we talked with the stakeholders and experts for a 1-2 hours long interview. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: general, specific and then deeper questions. It was very powerful to learn about the issue in-depth, as they shared struggles through their stories as well as suggestions to create an impact addressing this issue. The following are some of the criteria for stakeholders and assumptions.
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Stakeholders
- Students, experts, parents
- From Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Students facing rejection/failure
User:
- Students who may face failure in the future
- Age: 16-20
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Assumption
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Students face huge trauma due to this issue and solutions need to be explored
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Parents’ perspective about rigid expectations and failure is difficult to alter
For this project, I talked with 5 students and two parents. Due to the limitations of being in Thailand, I used phone calls for five interviews and got the chance to talk with one of the parents to face to face.
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Story 1
Here I will share two stories from students to bring light on the issue.
The first one is the story of Fariha Iqbal, a BSC Chemistry major student, currently an exchange student in the US. She shares that "I was from a troubled family. My mother encouraged me to be a doctor from a young age so that I can support my family financially by earning more money. Till higher secondary school, I never thought of anything but a doctor.'' She mentions several reasons in her opinion on this. One major one is that people want money to survive as most are from the middle class. They believe becoming a doctor is the only safe path towards it, probably for lack of knowledge that other options could allow making good money. Another major aspect highlighted by her is the Doctor Bride (Baho) phenomenon which is to encourage women to become doctors so that they get better prospects for marriage as that is the ultimate goal for women’s life.
She further shares how that pressure led her to face depression.
''I was a very bright student; I couldn't take the rejection of being unable to enroll into medical college. It took me three years to get out of depression and leave the corner where I used to cry every night thinking I am a failure."
Story 2
Kainat is an 18 years old student who has recently completed her FSc (higher secondary) in pre-medical. She applied for medical school as she wanted to become a doctor to fulfill her parents and elder siblings dream, however, could not get acceptance. She shares about the limited options since childhood. For example, she only heard about being a doctor or engineer if one wishes to get respect since the scope, and chances of progress are only in this field. She perceives that there are fewer fields for girls, and parents prefer safer options that end up forcing girls to pursue medicine in most cases.
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In her words, ''I want to become a doctor and don't want as well. I want to because I want to fulfill my parent’s dream and I don't want to because my interest is not in it and I feel I cannot do it. ''
Further, she shared how she wanted to become a pilot, but because of her height she gave up. Later, she was interested in studying math and drawing. However, her parents persuaded her otherwise and she engaged in her interests less and less.
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Insight: Rigid expectations from self, parents, and society exist.

I found the recommended solutions very powerful and interesting to apply that we would have loved to prototype. However, we have limitations of time, communication media and the goal of this project is not to solve a wicked issue rather explore it deeply. Other important stakeholders for this issue that we had in mind, but we considered it as difficult to approach, were parents. Since parent’s groom and push students to pursue certain professions, we decided to talk with parents to understand and hear their perspectives as well. Before the interview, we created a conversation guide. I tested it with two of my friends before the interview. On the basis of feedback, my teammate Built and I reframed the questionnaire for clarity and cultural sensitiveness and prepared our gear to record. So, we decided to talk with an expert and a parent to get the other side of the picture.
Insight: This issue could be used as an opportunity to develop a parent-child relationship

Expert Interview
I also got the chance to talk with one of the experts Ms. Sadaf Rabbani working with the Care Foundation in Pakistan. ​She has highlighted some deeper issues as she elaborated that adults live in the ‘50s, the industrialization age. They lack the awareness about market changes and the needs of tomorrow. She also mentions about the low teacher quality to guide students since the teaching profession is chosen for the sake of benefits majorly by women. In her words, ''Who loog jin ki apni koi direction nai hai, woh iisi or ko kya direction dain gain'' (People who don't have their own direction, how would they give direction to anyone else.)
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​She further explains the commonly existing wishes and revenge circle, as follows: ''Mera abba ny mujhy nai banny diya artist, ab men essy nai bany dun ga jo yeh chata hai." (Like, I was not allowed to become what I wanted, now I won't let him.)
​Ideation
During the ideation phase, I talked with my interviewees to gain suggestions about addressing this issue during a co-creation phase. The following are some of the ideas from them.
​Fariha believes in addressing this issue by reducing the misconception that only doctors or engineers can make good money. She recommends sharing knowledge with students and parents about options where they could make reasonable money since she believes we cannot eradicate the fact that people need money in a middle-class society like Pakistan. Other ways could be the teams educating students and parents ensuring that it seems easy and possible, in an informal localized way. Also, she believes that sharing examples and stories of success through blog writing on the internet could help address this issue.
However, she believes there is no solution for the marriage case but definitely, ‘’there is no guarantee that your daughter being a doctor would live a happy life.’’
According to Kainat, there should be awareness about fields that have scope and respect through career counseling sessions. Further, she recommends that children should be encouraged to communicate and raise awareness among their parents to bridge the gaps. She also believes that the government should increase seats and scope for other fields.
When I talked with Ms. Sadaf about her ideas to address this issue. She highlighted some deeper aspects of children’s and parents’ relationships and about raising children and perspective about children and parent relationships. She is a mother who shares that, ‘’the talents of children start getting visible at a young age. For example, if he is playing with mud and making structures, then he might be a sculpture. If he is racing cars, he is a car racer. If he is banging his head with music, he is a musician.'' She further believes that parents have a responsibility to raise their children, they cannot just give heavy fees to schools and take off, forget, or deny all their responsibilities.'' She disapproves of the reality among some Paksitian parents that ''Like bacchy paida howy and be default barry ho gye and paise bnany ki machine ban gye.'' ('Children born, grown up and by default become a money-making machine.) She also recognized that ''Not all have to be good at everything, if a student is good at history, he doesn't have to be also good at Mathematics. You can be good at one, two, three but you cannot be best at ten subjects." Her message for parents was that they should avoid considering their children as their old age fund. She further recognized that things are changing. She put forward the idea that human children are the only ones that take 15-17 years to become mature compared to other species, ‘’but you don't own your children.’’ According to her, this is a wrong perspective. Rather, ‘’you are the means to bring them in life and you are responsible to use your resources to support them to grow.’’ In a nutshell, her suggestions were of parent and couple education about how to raise kids, and understand their talents, likes, dislikes, fears, and interests at a young age.
During the co-creation phase, we got a lot of really good suggestions and recommendations from our participants. Many of them were similar, so we clustered them when Built and I downloaded the learning and created the insight statements which we later used to develop an Idea Bank. An Idea Bank consisted of all the possible solutions that we could explore to address this issue. We came with many ideas and decided to chose based on feasibility, desirability, and viability. However, we decided to step back and talk with parents rather than push certain solutions and explore their perspective.


Our Design Challenge
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Our design challenge is to open up the perspective of parents and children about limited choices to earn respect and financial stability.
The following are the five major themes that we identified after our synthesis of data.
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Theme 1: Social Norms
Insight Statements
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Parents' expectations for their children as a manifestation of their love to become a doctor or engineer
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Parents and society encourage women to be doctors so that they get better marriage prospects called "Doctor Bride" phenomenon
Theme 2: Finance
Insight Statements
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Most people belong to middle-class society who need money as a basic resource for survival
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People want to become quickly rich choosing the profession that makes them earn the most money
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People believe that being a doctor or an engineer is the only way to earn respect and financial stability
Theme 3: Limited Guidance
Insight Statements
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Lack of knowledge about the job market and the career options that can help earn more money
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Children hear about only mainstream professions
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Lack of outlets for career counseling and career development centers at schools
Theme 4: Consequences
Insight Statements
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Lack of backup plan in case of failure from first priority such as medical
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That leads to uncertainty and confusion
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Many students face depression, stress, and even suicide in some cases
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Prototype
As our prototype, we created a video in which we interviewed a parent, Dr. Faiz Shah and his perspective on failure and how he has raised his kids to deal with failure as an inspiration to change other people's perspectives.
Feedback
We send this video to a couple of users to hear about their perspectives. We asked them if the video changes their perspective about failure and how. We received great feedback that encouraged users to reflect and share their stories of struggles. According to my users, although it may not have changed their perspective drastically, it was a knock on the head and a good reminder to learn from failure. We also got some good feedback about video questions that could be reframed and the sort of people that we could talk to in the future, as well as dimensions that we could engage in deeper.
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